File Handling and Input/Output

File Handling and Input/Output (I/O) in C involves reading from and writing to files, which allows programs to store data persistently, retrieve data, and interact with users. File handling provides a way to manage data files on disk, whereas standard I/O functions enable interaction with the console for input and output operations.

File pointers (FILE *) are used to keep track of the current position in the file. They are used in functions like fseek(), ftell(), and rewind() to manipulate the file position.

Functions like perror() and ferror() help in identifying and handling errors related to file operations, ensuring robust and reliable file handling.

Overview

Data Persistence: File handling enables data to be stored persistently on disk, allowing programs to save and retrieve information between sessions.

Input and Output Streams: File handling provides input and output streams for reading from and writing to files, facilitating communication between programs and external storage.

Data Transfer: File handling allows for the transfer of data between different systems and applications, enabling interoperability and data exchange.

Error Handling: File handling includes mechanisms for error detection and handling, ensuring robustness and reliability in reading from and writing to files.

Resource Management: Proper file handling ensures efficient resource management, including opening, closing, and managing file resources, preventing resource leaks and optimizing system performance.

File handling in C refers to the process of creating, opening, reading, writing, and closing files to store and retrieve data persistently.

r: Open a file for reading. w: Open a file for writing (truncates if exists, creates if not). a: Open a file for appending (creates if not exists). r+: Open a file for reading and writing. w+: Open a file for reading and writing (truncates if exists, creates if not). a+: Open a file for reading and appending (creates if not exists).

FILE *file = fopen("filename.txt", "w"); if (file != NULL) { fprintf(file, "Hello, World!"); fclose(file); }

fgets() reads an entire line from a file, including the newline character, while fscanf() reads formatted input based on a format specifier.

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